^{FN1 Ch33} OED.

^{FN2 Ch33} Llewellyn Woodward, The Age of Reform: 1815-1870 (1938)(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd ed., 1962), p. 147.

^{FN3 Ch33} British History in the Nineteenth Century (London: Longmans, Green; 1924), p. 295. The "procession to Parliament" to which Trevelyan referred was that which was organized by an Irishman, Feargus O'Connor(1794-1855). First there was to be a large public meeting on the Kennington Common, then a procession and the presentation of a petition to the House of Commons. The government knew of these plans and arranged 8,000 soldiers and 150,000 special constables on duty in London that day. The meeting took place without violence. The number of people who attended was vastly misstated. O'Connor claimed that there was over 300,000; the government, 15,000; the papers anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000. The petition presented carried a large number of names: again the number was grossly misrepresented; O'Connor, close on to six million, when the commons counted them up there was but two million. Because of this and other misrepresentations, the credibility of Chartism was much destroyed.

^{FN4 Ch33} Mark Hovell, The Chartist Movement [Manchester University Press (Longmans, Green), 1925], p. 300. Many of the objects, we might add, as espoused by the 19th century Chartists eventually were realize in the next century, some have yet to be implemented.