^{FN1 Ch01} However by 1830 Paris recovered its old position of being the literary and artistic capital of Europe.

^{FN2 Ch01} Hazlitt, "The Fight."

^{FN3 Ch01} Paul Johnson, The Birth of the Modern (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), p. 760.

^{FN4 Ch01} Ibid, p. 298.

^{FN5 Ch01} Ibid, p. 458, p. 461 & p. 462.

^{FN6 Ch01} Ibid, p. 458.