^{FN1 Ch1} James Madison (1751-1836) was the President of the United States between 1809 and 1817. Thus, Madison was in the White House during The War of 1812, or, as his opponents called it, "Mr. Madison's War."

^{FN2 Ch1} Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was the President of the United States between 1801 and 1809. Jefferson and his group opposed the Federalists. The Federalists were advocates of a central national authority. "The Jeffersonians had more faith in the masses and in leaving things alone, together with less respect for authority." (The quote comes from the The Oxford English Dictionary -- often referred to in these pages and cited simply as OED.) Another from the OED, "American Federalists openly sympathized with British Tories and American Jeffersonians with French Girondists."

^{FN3 Ch1} A History of the American People (New York: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 259. Those in Madison's administration were confident that the occupation of Canada by the Americans would be no problem, at all. The United States Secretary of War, Dr. Eustis, declared in one of his speeches: "We can take the Canadas without soldiers; we have only to send officers into the Provinces and the people, disaffected towards their own Government, will rally round our standard." (As quoted by James Hannay, "The War of 1812," NSHS, #11 (1901) p. 27.) Henry Clay, the "Great Pacificator," in his support for the war, expressed on the floor of Congress that it is absurd to suppose that the United States should not succeed. As for Clay, he "was not for stopping at Quebec ... we must take the Continent from them." (As quoted by Hannay, Ibid.)

^{FN4 Ch1} The Birth of the Modern (World Society 1815-1830) (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), p. 11.

^{FN5 Ch1} We have already reviewed the reasons why Nova Scotians were reluctant to join in on the revolution. See, in this book, Part 2, generally, "Revolution And The 14th Colony.