^{FN1 Ch5} It took awhile, but, on June 16th, 1789, in conformity with the legislation, the Board of Trustees of the Halifax Grammar school "chose Mr. William Cochran, of Trinity College, Dublin, and lately Professor of the Greek and Latin languages in Columbia College, New York, to be master. Mr. George Glennie, who was regularly educated in the University of Aberdeen, to be usher, and Mr. Thomas Brown, already well known in this town, to be the teacher of writing, arithmetic, and mathematics." Akins continued, "It is thought proper to give this early notification to the public, but until a suitable building can be provided, the school will be opened without delay in the room where the Assembly of the province meets." ("History of Halifax City," NSHS, #8, p. 97.) At Halifax, on April 20th, 1799, there appeared this advertisement in the Weekly Chronicle: "Any person capable of teaching reading, writing and arithmetic, with propriety, who can produce good recommendation for sobriety and steadiness of conduct and to whom, etc. etc ... should apply etc.etc." [As set out in Eaton's, History of the County of Kings, (Salem Press, Mass: Salem Press, 1910) p. 335.]

^{FN2 Ch5} "History of Halifax City," op. cit., p. 151.

^{FN3 Ch5} Murdoch, Vol. 3, p. 132.

^{FN4 Ch5} He had, from my count, nine: Roger (b.1760 and lost at sea in 1781), Abigail, John, Lucy, Elizabeth, Eunice, Mary, Simeon, and Charlotte.

^{FN5 Ch5} In an entry of March 14th, 1788, we see Perkins making reference to one of his neighbours, Benajah Collins, who sent his daughters Susanah and Deborah to a school at Halifax.

^{FN6 Ch5} Fergusson, The Inauguration of the Free School System in North Scotia (Halifax: PANS, Bulletin No. 21, 1964) p. 4.

^{FN7 Ch5} Ibid., p. 5.

^{FN8 Ch5} Ibid., p. 6.

^{FN9 Ch5} Murdoch, vol. 3, p. 347.

^{FN10 Ch5} The Lancaster system was named after a Quaker by the name of Joseph Lancaster, "who at age 18 opened a neighborhood school in the Borough Road in London (1801). Lancaster taught his pupils to become 'monitors' and repeat their lessons to other pupils ["monitorial system"]. It was a rough and ready system designed solely to cope with large numbers.

^{FN11 Ch5} Letters from Nova Scotia (London: Colburn & Bently, 1830) p. 97.

^{FN12 Ch5} Calendar of Official Correspondence and Legislative Papers Nova Scotia, 1802-1815; compiled by Ells; Pub. #3 (Halifax: PANS, 1936) at p. 292.

^{FN13 Ch5} Custos Rotulorum: "the principal Justice of the peace in a county, who has the custody of the rolls and records of the sessions of the peace." (OED.)

^{FN14 Ch5} See abstract of letter set out in Calendar of Official Correspondence and Legislative Papers Nova Scotia, 1802-1815; compiled by Ells; Pub. #3 (Halifax: PANS, 1936) at pp. 302-3.

^{FN15 Ch5} William Lawson Grant, wrote: "Owing to the favour shown to this Church [Church of England], education long remained almost entirely in its hands, and to the political struggle an element of religious bitterness was added. King's College at Windsor, at first the only institution of higher learning in the province, was not open to any person who should `frequent the Romish mass, or the meeting houses of Presbyterians, Baptists, or Methodists, or the conventicles or places of worship of any other dissenters from the Church of England, or where divine service shall not be performed according to the liturgy of the Church of England.' It is true that the Church enjoyed no rights which she did not at the time enjoy in England, and that King's College was less illiberal than were the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge; but the circumstances were widely different. In England the Anglicans comprised the bulk of the people, and almost the whole of the cultivated and leisured classes; in Nova Scotia they were in the minority. Yet when, in 1820 and again in 1838, an attempt was made to found Dalhousie College at Halifax on a more liberal basis, the opposition of the Church of England led to the failure of the scheme." [Grant's The Tribune of Nova Scotia, one of the volumes in The Chronicles of Canada (Toronto: Glasgow, Brook & Co., 1914-6) at pp. 35-6.] We might add further, that the Anglican Church and its established order was the only established social order in Nova Scotia. Only in 1783, as Murdoch wrote, were the laws prohibiting the public worship of the Roman Catholic church repealed. (Vol. 3, p. 33.)

^{FN16 Ch5} Murdoch, Vol. 3, p. 56.

^{FN17 Ch5} Haliburton, vol. 1, p. 269.

^{FN18 Ch5} First Things in Acadia (Halifax: First Things Publishers, 1936) p. 101; see, too, Haliburton, vol. 1, p. 269.

^{FN19 Ch5} Calendar Nova Scotia, 1802-1815, PANS, 1936; see Governor Wentworth's report under entry of October 23rd.

^{FN20 Ch5} Haliburton, vol. 1, p. 280.

^{FN21 Ch5} See, Moorsom's Letters from Nova Scotia (London: Colburn & Bently, 1830) p. 133.

^{FN22 Ch5} Murdoch, vol. 3, p. 182. There was passed in 1799An Act to Prevent the Spreading of Contagious Distempers. "Whereas the neighbouring States of America, have, for several years past, been visited by the yellow or putrid fever, or some other infectious distemper, which has raged to a most alarming degree, ..." People coming into a port of Nova Scotia from other places were to be put in quarantine, where the governor declares such quarantines are necessary. Provision is made for the appointment of health officers throughout the province.

^{FN23 Ch5} Wormwood, we read in the OED, is "the plant Artemisia Absinthium, proverbial for its bitter taste. The leaves and tops are used in medicine as a tonic and vermifuge, and for making vermouth and absinthe; formerly also to protect clothes and bedding from moths and fleas, and in brewing ale. It yields a dark green oil."

^{FN24 Ch5} Erysipelas is a local febrile disease accompanied by diffused inflammation of the skin, producing a deep red colour; often called St. Anthony's fire, or the rose.

^{FN25 Ch5} "Wine in excess was not only the chief cause of a disordered system, but it was made to serve as the invariable remedy, supplemented by the free use of the lancet and by drastic purges." (Maxwell, Creevey Papers edited by Sir Herbert Maxwell (London: John Murray, 1904) p. 83.)

^{FN26 Ch5} Not sure of this expression, eather, likely edder which is a term applied to "light flexible wood" such as is used in a fence, "stakes interlaced with edder." Likely the "light flexible wood" may well have been witch-hazel.

^{FN27 Ch5} "History of Halifax City," op. cit., p. 133.

^{FN28 Ch5} Murdoch makes reference to the small pox scare at Halifax in 1801: "Out of a population of about 7000 persons, 182 had died of this disorder between September, 1800, and February, 1801." (Vol. 3, p. 204.)

^{FN29 Ch5} See analysis given by T. S. Ashton, in his work, An Economic History of England: The 18th Century (London: Methuen, 1955) at p. 1.

^{FN30 Ch5} "A History of Medicine in Nova Scotia, 1784-1854" NSHS, #41 (1982) at p. 78.

^{FN31 Ch5} "I subscribe three pounds to Dr. Kendrick, for one year from October 1, for which he is to attend my family himself, & medicine in all cases, except midwifery, & the small pox." (1790, October 7th.) This would be Dr. Daniel Kendrick who had been in Shelburne in 1784. [See Marble's article, "A History of Medicine in Nova Scotia, 1784-1854" NSHS, #41 (1982); in the article, Marble gives information on a number of the early doctors in Nova Scotia.

^{FN32 Ch5} Marble in his article, "A History of Medicine in Nova Scotia, 1784-1854," NSHS, #41 (1982) identifies a "Dr. Isaac Webster, who, in 1791, was practising at Kentville." (see p. 79.)

^{FN33 Ch5} John Halliburton took up his duties as surgeon at the Navel Hospital at Halifax in April of 1782. ]"A Tory-Loyalist Doctor's Prescription for Nova Scotia, 1784"; NSHR#7:1(1987).

^{FN34 Ch5} Murdoch, Vol. 3, p. 214.

^{FN35 Ch5} See John Ashton's The Dawn of the XIXth Century in England, (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 5th ed., 1906) p. 385.

^{FN36 Ch5} Ibid., p. 387.

^{FN37 Ch5} Gazette, April 20th, 1773; as quoted by Brebner, The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1970) at p. 174.

^{FN38 Ch5} At Halifax town officials were appointed, among them: Four overseers of the poor, 2 clerks of the market, 2 fence viewers, 2 hog-reeves, and 4 highway surveyors, leather scalers, fish cullers, pickled-fish surveyors, cord-wood surveyors, and cask gaugers. (Ibid., fn at p. 184.)

^{FN39 Ch5} April 4th. Again in April, the 5th, in 1779, "A town meeting to raise money for the poor."

^{FN40 Ch5} "... I write a letter to the Overseers of the Poor, and Magistrates at Dublin, desiring them to take care of John Huskins, and family." (February 18th, 1778.)

^{FN41 Ch5} For a better description of why and how the Speenhamland system came about; how it worked; its advantages and difficulties: see Trevelyan's England Under Queen Anne (London: Longmans, Green; 1948), vol. 1, p. 10.

^{FN42 Ch5} Spater, William Cobbett: The Poor Man's Friend (Cambridge University Press, 1982), vol.1, pp.200-1.

^{FN43 Ch5} Freeholders: They were the privileged class who owned (not rented) real property. It was only freeholders who could vote, and it was this class that paid the taxes.

^{FN44 Ch5} Consolidated Statutes of Nova Scotia, 1805 (Halifax: John Howe, Printers to the King, 1805). In 1803, there was passed An Act for the Better Management and Relief of the Poor of Halifax. It added to the act passed in 1801. The Commissioners were empowered to remove persons to their own town or place of settlement. Land adjacent to existing Poor-House to be purchased.